Talking about shopping
Mussa: Can I help you / what can I do for you ?
Ali: Yes please, how much is the flower
Mussa : Two hundred shillings
Ali : Can I have it?
Mussa : There your are
Ali : Thank you
Mussa : You are welcome
Imagine you are in the hotel. How would you order some food
And drinks? Write a short conservation between you and the waiter
Waiter Excuse me sir, can I help you?
Customer: Yes please, how much is a cup of tea?
Waiter: There you are
Customer: May I have some food too?
Waiter : What kind of food you need?
Talking about reservation
Booking tickets
You want to travel to Mwanza by train, write a dialogue between you and booking office attendant.
Attendant: Can I help you?
Customer: Yes please, I want a ticket in first class
Attendant: It is 20,000/=Tshs
Customer: I have 19,000/= Tshs
Attendant: OK
Customer; Here is your money
- → Making telephone calls
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Language use
Using the phone
In today’s world, most people use the telephone for quick answer the questions.
1. Look at the following telephone conversation and answer the questions:
a) Which conversations are personal?
b) Which one are business?
c) Which callers did not speak to the people they wanted to talk with?
d) What happened in phone call No.3?
2. In pairs, practice the telephone conversations.
3. Copy the following table and fill in the blanks with sentences from the phone conversations.
ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE
(i) Active and passive voice refer to the form of the verb and the position of subject and the object
(ii)In the ACTIVE VOICE THE SUBJECT of the verb in a person a thing or a concept does the action.
iii) The PASSIVE VOICE it is the object which starts and the SUBJECT is proceeded by
In the passive voice, It is the object which stats first then VERB TO PLUS the past participle the by then lastly the subject
OBJECT + VERB TO BE + PARTICIPLE + BY + SUBJECT
Passive voice: My book was taken by subject.
|
NO. |
FORM TENSE |
PASSIVE VOICE |
|
1. |
Present tense |
Is/are/am + past participle. |
|
2. |
Present continuous tense |
Is/am/are/being + past participle |
|
3. |
Present perfect tense |
Have/has/been + past participle |
|
4. |
Present perfect continuous |
Have/has + been + being + past participle |
|
5. |
Past tense |
Was/were + past participle |
|
6. |
Past continuous |
Was/were + being + past participle |
|
7. |
Past perfect |
Had/been + past participle |
|
8. |
Past perfect continuous |
Had + been + being + past participle |
|
9. |
Future tense |
Shall/will + be + past participle |
|
10. |
Future continuous |
Shall/will + been + have + past participle |
|
11. |
Future perfect |
Shall/will + have + been + past participle |
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Active voice: He took my book.
Passive voice: my book was taken by him.
Active voice: The shower smells sweet
Passive voice: The shower is sweet when it is smelt.
Active voice: This medicine tastes bitter
Passive voice: This medicine is bitter when tasted.
|
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: Is/are/past participle |
||
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: He speaks English Pv: English is spoken by him |
He does not speak English English is not spoken by him |
Does he speak English? Is English spoken by him? |
|
Av: They play football Pv: Football is played by them |
They do not play football Football is not played by them |
Do they play football Is football played by them? |
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Is/are/am + being +past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
AV: He is teaching English PV: English is being taught by him |
He is not teaching English English is not being taught by him |
Is the teaching English Is English being taught by him |
|
Av: I am writing a letter now Pv: A letter is being written now by me |
I am not writing a letter now A letter is not being written now by me |
Am I writing a letter now Is a letter being written now by |
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Have + been +past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: You have taken the book Pv: The book has been taken by you |
You have not taken the book The book has not been taken by you |
Have you taken the book Has the book been taken by you |
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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Have/has + being been +past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: She has been ringing the bell Pv: The bell has been being rang by her |
She has not been ringing the bell The bell has not been being rang by her |
Has she been ringing the bell Has the bell been being rang by her |
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SIMPLE PAST TENSE: was/were + past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: I saw you Pv: You were seen by me |
I did not see you You were not seen by me |
Did I see you? Were you seen by me |
|
Av: She built a house Pv: A house was built by her |
She did not build a house A house was not built by her |
Did build a house? Was house built by her? |
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PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: Was/were + being +past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: I was reading the book Pv: The book was being read by me |
I was not reading the book The book was not being read by me |
Was I reading the book? Was the book being read by me |
|
Av: They were writing a letter Pv: A letter was being written by the |
They were not writing a letter A letter was not being written by them |
Were a letter being written by them? |
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PAST PERFECT: Had + past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: You taken the book Pv: The book had been taken by you |
You had not taken the book The book had not been taken by you |
Had you taken the book? Had the book been taken by you? |
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8) FUTURE TENSE: Shall will +be past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: I shall write it Pv: It will be written by me |
I shall not write it It will not be written by me |
Shall I write it? Will it be written by me? |
|
Av: Hamisi will ring the bell Pv: The bell will be rang by Hamisi |
Hamisi will not ring the bell The bell will not be rang by Hamisi |
Will Hamisi ring the bell? Will the bell rung by Hamisi? |
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9) FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE: Shall/will +have + been + Past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: They will be teaching History Pv: History will have been taught by them |
The will not be teaching History History will have not been taught by them |
Will they be teaching History Will History have taught by them |
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FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: Shall/will + have been + past participle
|
Statement |
Negative |
Interrogative |
|
Av: He will have given me the food Pv: Is hall have been given the food by them |
He will not have give me the food The food will have not been given to me by him |
Will he have given me the food? Shall I have been given the food by him? |
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USES OF PASSIVE
1. The passive is used when we do not want to know who did the action. This is possible by leaving out the
object
E.g. ACTIVE: Makongoro broke the cup
PASSIVE: The cup was broken
2. Used in scientific reports given that we are not interested to know people who were responsible in carrying out the experiment?
E.g. ACTIVE: The students added sulphuric acid, and then they heated the mixture for five minutes
PASSIVE: Sulphuric acid added, and then the mixture was heated for five minutes
3. When we don’t want to take responsibility for something
E.g. the matter will be discussed soon (By whom?)
4. When we want to focus on a happening and not on whom or what did it
E.g. the results have been announced
5. When we want to avoid vague subject like one someone etc
E.g.: The cheques has signed the cheques
NOTE: Someone has signed the cheques
6. When we intend to bring the shocking information toward the end of the sentence
E.g.: The radio was stolen by your son, Compare with
Your son stole the radio
Note: Word like think, know, consider, believe, acknowledge, understand, fang, say, claim, report when used in passive are often followed by the infinitive “to”
E.g.: People say Maduka is a spy
Maduka is said to be a spy