CIVICS FORM TWO – GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA

STRUCTURE OF THE JUDICIARY.

The Tanzania Judiciary stricter has five levels namely.

1. Primary court
   
2. District court.
   
3. Resident magistrate court.
   
4. High court.
   
5. Court of Appeal.
   

 

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   All these court deals with matters depending on their complexity. E.g. Madder case. Is a big problem it cannot be discussed / decided by a primary court because it is the lowest level of court which deals with small and fight problem such as conflict among farmers and livestock keepers.

Big cases are decided up on by other court such as the high court and court of Appeal because they are responsible for hearing big cases also hearing cases referred to them by lower court.

FUNCTION OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

1. Interpreting Laws
   
2. Enforcing laws made by the parliament
   
3. Settling disputes between people and other organs.
   
4. championing the wishes,values and aspiration of the citizen.
   

   DIFFERENT BETWEEN LOCAL AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
   
   

 

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   THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SOURCE OF REVENUE

The central government gets money from.

1. Taxes
   

 

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There are two types of taxes Direct tax and Indirect tax. Direct tax is deducted straight from the person who pays it i.e. income tax deducted from employees’ salaries. In direct tax is usually paid as an amount added to the price of goods and services.

2. User charges

These are taxes on a service provided to the public e.g. charge on license and in court fees.

3.
Borrowing

The government borrows money through the sale of treasury bills and treasury bonds. It also borrows from outside the country. E.g. from other states or national organizations like the World Bank.

4. Grants

These are funds that are donated and do not need payment. The government collects these funds through the Tanzanian Revenue Authority and the treasury.

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE

The central government spends its money in two ways.

1. Capital or development expenditure
   

 

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This money is spent on expenses that do not occur regularly. Examples are money spent on buildings schools, railways and government offices.

2. Recurrent expenditure

Recurrent expenses have to be paid regularly. For example monthly or annually. Examples are paying civil servants salaries and buying medicine for hospitals

PARTICIPATION IN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

It is important for a student to participate in central government activities.

1. Voting if they have the required qualifications
   
2. Debating issues of national interest.
   
3. Attending community or civic meetings
   
4. Paying taxes through purchases of goods and services like books, pens and paying bus fare.
   
5. Obeying the laws of the land and reporting those people who do not.
   
6. Making proper use of the facilities provided by the government e.g. schools, health centers, and social halls
   

 

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IMPORTANCE OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES

Citizen’s participation in government activities is important because it helps to;

1. Ensure that the leaders do not missuse their power.
   
2. Keep the government informed on the wishes of society.
   
3. Involves citizens in the governing of their country
   
4. Brings personal satisfaction.
   
5. Protects their rights and promotes the common good.
   
6. Improve the quality of life in the communities.
   

 

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THE UNION OF TANGANYIKA AND ZANZIBAR

Tanganyika got her independence from the Britain on 9^th December 1961. Mwalimu Julius kambarage nyerere became the prime minister in 1962, Tanganyika became a republic and mwalimu Julius was elected president.

On 12^th January 1964 a revolution was staged in Zanzibar and Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume became president. Then on 22^nd April 1964, mwalimu Julius Nyerere and sheikh karume signed a government to unite these countries. The national assembly approved the agreement to unite Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 25^th April 1964. On 26^th April 1964 Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form the United Republic of Tanzania.

REASONS FOR THE UNION

1. Common historical back ground
   

 

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The people of Tanganyika and Zanzibar were colonized by the British. Tanganyika was ruled by the British from 1919 until 1961.The British ruled Zanzibar through a sultan until 10^th December 1963.

2.
Common language

Kiswahili is the medium of communication in both Tanganyika and Zanzibar. This language helped the leader and their people to meet and discuss the unification of the states.

3.
Similar political objectives.

After independent of these two sovereign states their government thought to introduce socialism. This was because the leaders realized that the independence obtained did not benefit the majority because all major means of production were in the hands of the few people. Socialism is the economic system whereby all major means of production are owned by the public.

4. Enhancing African unity.

When African countries began getting their independent there were calls to unite the countries .as a result the countries have formed unions such as the east African community. The union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar and also helped towards this goal.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UNION

1. It defends the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independent of its citizen
   
2. The union accelerates the political and social economic development
   
3. The union promotes peace, security and stability of the country.
   
4. Through the union democratic principles are promoted.
   
5. It promotes and protects human rights
   
6. The union promotes and defends common positions on issues of interest of Tanzanians.
   
7. The union advances the development of the country.
   

 

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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE UNION OF TANGANYIKA AND ZANZIBAR

Some of the union achievements are:

1. The union has remained strong from 1964 to present
   
2. A uniform currency is used in both mainland and Zanzibar.
   
3. Economic integrations is greater between the two partners.
   
4. There is greater social interaction.
   
5. There is peace and prosperity in the country.
   

 

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UNION AFFAIRS IN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT.

The following are the affairs placed under the union government.

1. External affair interaction with other countries
   
2. Defense and security.
   
3. The police force
   
4. Citizenship
   
5. Power to declare a state of emergency
   
6. Immigration
   
7. Industrial licensing
   
8. Higher education
   
9. Research
   
10. Meteorology
    
11. Statistics
    
12. Aviation and air transport
    
13. External and borrowing
    
14. The court of appeal of the united republic
    
15. Income tax, customs and excise duties
    
16. Financial matters legal traders and currency
    
17. Harbors air transport ports and telegraphs
    
18. The public services of the united republic
    
19. The constitution of the united republic if Tanzania
    
20. Mineral resources including petroleum and natural gas
    
21. Registration of political parties and other matters related to political parties
    
22. The national examination council and all matters relating to the council
    

 

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STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF THE UNION

1. Free movement of people from Zanzibar to Tanzania, mainland and vice versa without passports.
   
2. The establishment of the ministry in the president’s office to deal with union affairs.
   
3. Encouraging trade between the people of Zanzibar and Tanzania mainland.
   
4. Leaders of both sides of the union meet and discuss different issues regarding the central government.
   

 

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