FORM THREE COMMERCE – TRANSPORT

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AIR TRANSPORT

This is most rapid, convenient and comfortable mode of transport under this air craft are used to carry passengers and other some cargo

ADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT

1. It is fastest means of transport, suitable for urgent messages.
   
2. It is the best for delicate and valuable goods like glass and jewels
   
3. There is less chance of loss because security is highly observed.
   
4. Suitable for long distances, without stopping
   
5. It is the most comfortable form of transport free from topographical barriers. Even meals and drinks can be served in route.
   
6. Some air craft have special storage facilities for perishables e.g. flower
   
7. The rise of high way robbery are at a minimum
   
8. Does not experienced traffic jams
   
9. The way is free and the flying space is unlimited
   

 

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DISADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT

1. It is the most expensive system of transport
   
2. It is costly in terms of fuel and flying operations
   
3. Weight of cargo carried is limited
   
4. Inconvenience since the air port is built far from the area where people are available.
   
5. In case of accident all cargo and passengers are likely be completely destroyed.
   
6. Hijackers may affect air operations
   
7. Weather condition may interfere with air services
   
8. It requires a lot of formalities to travel by air to another countries i.e. Visas, tickets, health certificates and others. 
   

 

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AIRWAY BILL

This is a document drawn between the airline company and the businessman using it to carry his goods. An airway bill is similar to a bill of lading in all aspects except that an airway bill is used for air transport and a bill of lading is for water transport.

PIPELINE TRANSPORT

Under this pipes are used to carry fuel, water and gaseous products from one place to another. In Uganda pipes are widely used to carry water and sewage disposals in major urban centers.

ADVANTAGES OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT

1. Because they pass underground, pipes are not affected by atmosphere conditions
   
2. Speed is reasonably high since it transports only liquids.
   
3. The running cost of pipes is low. It does not need for washing, fueling, servicing, oiling, and other cost
   
4. Large volumes can be carried in a very short period.
   
5. Pipeline transport does not need to repairs, maintenance, sweeping and hence, it is reality cheap.
   
6. Problem of traffic jams, accidents, and delays are not realized
   
7. Goods cannot be contaminated by atmosphere conditions because pipes are well laid underground.
   

 

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DISADVANTAGES OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT

1. Only liquid and gases can be carried, not physical goods
   
2. Repairs tend to be costly and difficult to locate
   
3. Soil erosion may expose underground pipes
   
4. Installing pipes is very expensive especially with long distances
   
5. In case of leakage of pipes, all items transported will be lost. 
   

 

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CONTAINERIZATION

This is a system of transport where by standard metal or wooden boxes are specially constructed to carry certain goods.

ADVANTAGES OF CONTAINER TRANSPORT

1. Goods are protected from damages and theft
   
2. Loading and unloading is easy because of using automatic cranes
   
3. Specially built container can be constructed for special goods
   
4. Trucks and rail wagons to carry containers are available
   
5. Goods in container are not affected by atmosphere conditions
   

 

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DISADVANTAGES OF CONTAINERIZATION

1. Without automatic cranes, loading and off loading may not be possible
   
2. Containers are very expensive
   
3. Containers may not carry living things like animals and people
   
4. The cost of the container makes the final transportation cost high
   
5. It may be damaged on route
   
6. May not be suitable for delicate goods like eggs, bottles and perishables 
   

 

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FACTORS CONSIDERED WHEN CHOOSING A MODE OF TRANSPORT

Cost of transport: The type of transport chosen should be relatively cheap compared to the value of goods carried.

Nature of Goods: This may determine the mode of transport chosen. Perishable goods and newspapers require a fast means of transport where speed is required air transport is the best.

Size of load: Bulky goods may go by trains and Lorries, small cargo may go by road or air.

Distance to cover: Long distances can easily be covered by trains (railways) and air; roads are good for goods which are transported for short distance.

Value of goods: Valuable goods may be transported easily by air e.g gold, diamonds or mercury

Flexibility of the system: The system chosen should be flexible especially where switching from one route to another is concerned. Road transport is the most flexible system.

Speed and urgency: When goods are required in a particular place within a limited period of time a fast system should be chosen. Air transport is the best for speed and urgency.

Terminals: One should also consider the availability of terminals for loading and unloading terminals like ports, airports, railway stations should all be considered.

Availability of the system: One may choose a particular form of transport simply because it is the one available. Road transport is more richly available than others.

Safety: Many people would use that mode of transport which guarantees safety from loss damage or theft. Air transport assures much safety to goods and passengers compared to road transport.