ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION
Is the protection of natural resources for the future use.
SIGNIFICANCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
– To avoid soil erosion.
– To ensure sufficient of water.
– To Adequate supply of resources.
– Reduce Ozone layer depletion.
PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
a) Protection of mineral (s) are against over exploitation.
Over exploitation: is the overuse of natural resources.
This cause scarcity of natural resources and environmental destruction.
Protection: – use of scrap metal is instead of extracting minerals from the ground, Recycling.
– Establishing other economic activities instead of mining industries.
– Reducing population pressure through establishment of family planning birth control. This reduces dependency in mining industries for exploiting use.
Note :- Utilization: Is the use of natural resources.
ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION
Environmental destruction means destroying the environment which make it not friendly to human survival.
Environmental destruction are die the following reasons.
i) Agricultural chemicals .
ii) Damping of solid and liquid waste on the land and into large water masses , engravers, wells and oceans.
iii) Opening up gaseous effluent from industries into the air.
AGRICULTURE CHEMICALS
– Use of the pesticides and fertilizer.
– This causes a loss in biodiversity and soil destruction .
– Pesticides causes water pollution , facilitate growth of sea weeds causing oxygen deficiency for marine organism.
– Pollination decline, pesticides kills organisms which are agent of pollination.
EFFECT IN ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
– Soil Acidification.
– Energy consumption.
– Climate Change.
Suggestions
– Use of organic biodegradable.
– Manure.
– Avoid monoculture practices.
ii) DAMPING OF SOLID AND LIQUID INDUSTRIAL WASTE OF THE LAND AND INTO LARGE WATER
– Damping of solid and liquid industrial wastes on land and into large water cause deterioration of water quality and land in general.
Petroleum product, heavy metals from the industries may leads to environmental destruction.
- Destruction of environment from petroleum product is mainly due to accidental spills from the ships , tanker trucks , pipe lines and leaky of underground storage tanks.
- Heavy metals such as mercury often deposited with sediment in the bottoms of stream . They may become incorporated into plants.
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iii) OPENING UP GASEOUS EFFICIENT FROM INDUSTRIES INTO THE AIR
– Working on the thermal plants and different plants that are used to manufacture different types of fertilizers or pesticides, ,also production of building materials can ennglish-swahili/courage” target=”_blank”>courage of the production toxic materials which goes into air in form of smoke.
– Poisonous gases eg. Sulphur dioxide may be emitted also inform of smoke. These cause destruction of air, causing harmfully diseases to human beings.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS
Environment management and interventions should be done through the following: –
i) Management waste.
ii) Chemical treatment of urban sewage.
iii) Chemical treatment of urban supplies of edible / portable water.
POLLUTION
Environmental pollution is the contamination of air, water, and land form man made wastes. Pollution leads to depletion of ozone layer global warming and climate change.
1. WATER POLLUTION (AQUATIC POLLUTION)
Water pollution is the contamination of water by foreign matter that deteriorates the quality of water. It occurs in lakes, oceans and rivers.
– It involves the release of toxic substances, pathogens, substances that require much oxygen to decompose ,easy – soluble substances and radioactive substances.
i) Sources of water pollution
The major forms and the sources of water pollution are: –
a) Oil (Petroleum Product) discharged
– These including manufacture of plastics, lubricants solvents and synthetic fabrics fractional distillation of clued oil to produce vehicle fuel , paraffin wax , refinery gases for domestic cooking and bitumen for road surfacing and products is mainly due to accidental spills from the ships , tanker truckers , pipeline and leakage , from underground storage tanks.
b) Synthetic chemical pesticides
– Pesticides such as herbicides, Fungicides used in agriculture and public health programmers to control pests are important source of water pollution.
– They get into water sources through run – off and atmospheric transport and deposition.
– Pesticides accumulates in plants and animals, when they die, they spread to water sources, thus increasing water toxicity.
c) Heavy metals
Heavy metals such as mercury are dangerous pollutants. They are often deposited with sediment in the bottom of the streams. When deposited on surface they become incorporated in plants food crops and animals. If they dissolve and water is withdrawn for agriculture or human being use, poisoning can result.
i) Management of water
Water management refers to practices of planning developing, nglish-swahili/distribution” target=”_blank”>distribution and optimum, utilizing of water resources under defined water polices and regulations.
These are: –
a) Management of water treatment of drinking water, industrial water ,sewage or waste water .
b) Management of water resources.
c) Management of irrigation.
Treatment of water maybe divided into two;-
i) Purification of domestic use.
ii) Treatment for specialized industrial application.
2. AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. These are dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles.
Sources of air pollution are natural and human – based.
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
The biggest causes are the operation of fossil fuel , burning power plants, and automobiles that combust fuel.
TYPES OF AIR POLLUTION
i) Smog – This is the first type of air pollution.
When smoke present in the atmosphere combine fog present in the air. A mixture formed is Smog or photochemical smog.
ii) Green House effect – It is formed due to the contamination of several important gases with the air. These gases are called green house gases.
eg. Methane, sulphur, nitrogen, Carbon monoxide, hydrogen and ozone. These are very harmful for the human skin and causes cancer.
Effects of air pollution
Air pollution affects human health, vegetation and livestock.
i) Effects on human health
Severe air pollution cause many fatal diseases and disorders some of the effects caused by inhaling polluted air are: –
a) Sulphur dioxide enters soft tissues causing drying of the mouth, scratchy throat and smarting eyes.
b) Hydrocarbons and many other air pollutants cause skin cancers.
c) Oxides carbon , sulphur , nitrogen diffuse into the blood and combine with haemoglobin causing reduction in it is oxygen carrying capacity.
ii) Effects on vegetation
Air pollution has serious harmful effects on vegetation.
Effects of air pollution on vegetation are :-
a) Sulphur dioxide causes chlorosis i.e. loss of effects on tress , plants and vegetation.
b) Oxides of nitrogen and fluorides reduces crop yields.
c) Photochemical Smog bleaches and blazes foliage of economically important of plants and crops.
iii) Effects on Livestock
General effects of air pollution on livestock are the same as in the case of human being.
Various fluorine compounds which fall on foliage plants are eaten by livestock causing abnormal calcification of bones and teeth, called fluoride toxicity. Fluorosis can causes loss of weight and frequent diarrhea in animals.