FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN CHOOSING THE MEANS OF TRANSPORT OF GOODS
Various forms of transport have their advantages while choosing a mode of transport. one has to balance variety of advantages and disadvantages. The main factors which determine the mode of transport are
1. The kind of goods /types of the goods
Goods are often classified as manufactured goods , produce ,dry goods and wet goods, fragile goods perishable goods and so forth. Fragile goods should be handled with care to ensure safe delivery to the consumer while perishable goods should be hummed to the consumer to the consumers before they get spoil.
Weight of goods
Small and light goods of high value may easily and cheaply be carried by air. Bigger and heavier goods may be carried by road. Very bulk and heavy consignments should be carried by railway or on water.
The location of the seller’s premises/warehouse.
It may also influence choice of a transport methods for his/her goods. If the warehouse are near railway station, railway may be preferred .
The speed and urgency
If the buyer urgently needs the goods the fasten means available should be considered.
Goods that are bulky but light.
Require a lot of space permit of weight transported the weight transported. The weight to volume ratio of a consignments may determine the methods of transport chosen .
The cost of transport.
The cost of transporting an items an item should bear a reasonable proportion to it is value. Only in case of acute urgency can this factor be over looked.
The distance
For shorter distance road transport is best , for longer distance the railway may be advisable and for very long distance sea transport may suit , a summing that all the three means are equally available.
Flexibility
The a ability of the mode of transport to reach any destination is important. Road transport is more flexible than the rest and variation and diversion can be made.
IMPORTANCE / CONTRIBUTION OF TRANSPORT TOWARD PRODUCTION
I. It makes possible mass production because business are able to get supplies from different parts of the world.
II. Transport helps the growth of trade and industry by providing with raw materials and by carrying finished goods to the market.
III. Division of labour and specialization has been possible because of development means of transport.
IV. It makes goods and services available where they are demanded by consumer
V. It avoids wastages by transferring surpluses of goods to areas where they are shortages hence stabilizing prices.
VI. Transport accelerates the growth of other aids to trade such as were housing, banking, insurance etc.
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT IN COMMERCE
transport makes goods and services available where they are demanded
improve trade relations within economic units
since transport enables goods and services to reach various markets, it ennglish-swahili/courage” target=”_blank”>courage production
transportation enables specialization
transportation influence industrial location
it makes possible mass production because business are able to draw supplies from and sell goods to all parts of the world
transportation improves international trade
transportation enables people to move from one place to another e.g. from home production places and vice versa
B. COMMUNICATION
Communication
is an aid to trade which deals with transmitting information and ideals from one place to another OR
is the process that involves sending and receiving message information and ideals between two or more separate locations in the business. communication is of great advantages because before any transaction to made, there must be communication between two parts
PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION
The first steps in planning any messages is to determine the purpose of your communication. The following are main purpose of communication
To inquire – this is the situation whereby one is in need to get certain information which is not known before. For example one can ask a questions like when did you learn to use this digital computer
To inform – is the situation of letting someone know something which has not been known before. A good example is to answer the questions of the previous paragraph ” this digital computer is six month old”
To persuade – the situation to influence others in accepting or love something for example “you really will save time and money if you use digital computer.
To develop goodwill – communication is aimed to maintain good relationship between a sender and receiver.
ELEMENT IN COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Communication always involves very important element which make up communication to be process. These element includes
a. Source (encoder )
Its where a message originates, this can sometimes be a person, things , materials or condition from which a message is transmitted
b. Message (information )
This comes from a sender / source message is always in form of written verbal talk, song or even in a state or condition
c. Medium /channel
This is the way through which the message from the sender passes so as to reach the intended person or things.
d. Receiver (decoder )
These are the persons or people who receive the message from the sender and respond that message. A receiver receives information and interprets before reacting on it by giving feedback.
e. Feedback
This is the outcome of receiver’s interpretation of the message. It is the reaction of what he has received from the sender. Feedback is important since it makes a cycle. Always feedback is in the form of physical reaction like asking questions laughing and crying.
Mention communication media
Telephone
Television
Radio
Computer
Cinemas
Internet technology
Electronic mail
Mobile phone
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION / CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
I. oral communication
this is face to face and telephone communication where by people communicate by words of the mouth OR
Is the kind of communication uses spoken words to exchange ideals and information. this types of communication consist of telephone calls. This vital services is given by Tanzania telecommunication company (TTCL) and other private companies.
Form of Oral communication
– Interview , joint consultations , meeting and conference , conversation.
– Radio call
For people living and working in some remote towns the TTCL provide services called RADIO CALL SERVICES
Advertising through radio and television is also a form of oral communication. message intended for great number of people may be transmitted through radio. Move economically than by ringing to everybody.
II. written communication
Tanzania post corporation provide the main services of carrying written communication. Written communication are usually through letters ,parcel, newspapers , samples, postcards, telegrams and other these may be analyzed as follows
a) letters and printed matter
these may be sent to any destination in or outside of Tanzania by surface or airmail through the post office. Expressed letters are given priority in sorting and reach their destination faster than ordinary letters.
N.B
ordinary letter/ordinary post is the kind of letter sent by ordinary post by fixing the necessary postage stamps. These postage stamp can be purchased from any post office sometime postal franking machine can be used.
Ordinary post may be :
a. surface mail- letter sent within the country
b. airmail –letter sent to the other countries
b) Telegrams
This method of communication is used in transmitting information by filling a special from the person to whom the message is sent gets the copy of the message the same day or the following day this message is dictated to the post office over the phone. The charges are higher than those charged on letters and depends on the length of the messages
c) business reply cards
this is the device by which a business can send out a prepaid card for a reply. In this case postage is payable only if the card it actually posted.
A license is to be acquired for the use of special design including the license number of the firm.
d) franking machine
in order to save time in affixing stamps to letters , a franking machine can be obtained this print stamps the firm using this machine does not have to buy postage stamp the machine print the amount of the postage on the envelope with the name of the sender the post office is paid the total shown by the machine at the end of each month or at interval agreed by the two parties.
e) registered letters /registered mail
if the letters are registered and payment made to the post office undertakes to compensate the sender if the letter is lost.
Is the letter or parcel can be sent any where within the country or abroad and it insured by registration fee against damage or lost.
This is the services offered by the post office in which letter are registered and posted to the destination place. in case letter lost on the way post office compensate the sender thus way sender must pay registration fee and postage , he will be given receipts to proof that registration fee has been paid so as compensation will be done when the letter lost on the way.
f) telex services
this provides a direct link between subscribes and other uses all over the world messages types at the senders machine are automatically printed at the receiver’s set.
iii. non verbal communication
this is the kind of communication without words. Non- verbal communication is an important from communication. In this communication one express is feeling emotion or ideals by using body language, gesture.
COMMUNICATION INSTITUTIONS IN TANZANIA
In Tanzania there are several institution which provide communication services. Some are owned by the government and other by the private sector these institution are
1. TANZANIA POSTS OFFICE CORPORATION
This involves transferring and carrying written communication from the person who send letter/parcel (sender ) to the person who is expected to receive the letter/parcel
This corporation offer two services which are
i. Sending and delivering letter and parcel
a. Ordinary posting
This services provided by post office where by written down letter and printed and sent within or out side the country
Feature of services
Letter are placed in envelop
They must have stamps
b. Registered mail
This is the services offered by the post office where by letter are charged registration fee and receipt is issued to sender as evidence when compensation is done to the sender when letter lost on the way.
c. Business reply services
This services enable member of public to send short replies to the business organization without paying stamp.
d. Recorded delivery services is This is services provides proof that sender has posted a letter and that it was delivered to the intended receiver. There is charge for this services.
e. Poste restate.
This a services provided by the postal office to travelers or business men who are supposed to be in particular town for only short time hence not having number in that town under this circumstances they will advice their friends/traders they are likely to be in on given dates so that their letters can be sent to that particular post office of the town addressed as say,
Ms sakatwa Johnson
Poste restate
Kyela post office Tanzania.
f. Certificate of posting
Post office issue a certificate to the sender proof that you have posted a letter to a particular address.
ii. Remitting / receiving money and making payment
Post office offer the following financial services.
a) Sending of cheque
A cross cheque can be sent through ordinary mail to the payee to be deposited in his bank account.
b) Postal order
A postal order is useful for the transmission of small sums of money by post especially to people who do not posses cheque books. They are issued for any amount for paying a fee or services to be obtained.
c) Money order
This is an order for money paid in at one post office to be payable at another post office as stated on the money order.
d) Telegraphic money order
This services enable money to be sent to a specified person by telegraph.
e) Post office saving bank
A post office operates a saving bank. This bank is intended to promote saving habit among the citizens. It mainly operates saving account.
f) Cash on delivery
This is additional services which is useful to traders. The post office undertakes to collect payment for the goods being delivery before they are actually handed over